(c) Disc Signals not in use will not be fitted with Discs or Lamps.
DEFECTIVE SIGNALS, POINTS, &c.
73. (a) When a Home, Starting or Advanced Starting Signal, or Siding Signal applicable to a siding not protected by Safety Points, becomes defective, or is not working efficiently, a competent person must be placed at such Signal with Hand Signals and Detonators, and act under the instructions of the Signalman. The Distant Signals applicable to the Lines affected must be kept at danger by being disconnected from the levers by which they are worked, and must remain in that position until the defect has been made good, and all is again in working order. If the defective Signal can be placed at Danger, it must be kept at Danger until again in working order.
(b) Should the Interlocking of a Lever-frame or any Facing Point, Bolt or Bar be out of order, one competent man or more, as may be necessary, provided with Hand Signals and Detonators, must be appointed to act under the instructions of the Signalman in charge of the Signal-box, and the Distant Signals applicable to the Lines affected must be kept at Danger by being disconnected from the levers as above directed.
(c) The Hand-signalman must ascertain from the Signalman in charge of the Signal-box what train he is to bring forward, and, if the train which is to be brought forward is approaching Facing Points, he must, before signalling it forward, inform the Signalman in charge of the Signal-box the position of such Points, and satisfy himself that they are set and secured in position for the Line on which the Signalman in the Signal-box intends the train should run.
(d) If the train which is to be brought forward is approaching Trailing Points, the Hand Signalman must satisfy himself that the points are in the proper position for the train to pass.
(e) The Hand-signalman must, when signalling a train forward, stand near to the Signal for which he is acting, in order that his signal may not be mistaken by an Engine-driver on any other Line, and should it be necessary to stop, or reduce the speed of an approaching train, the Hand-signalman must exhibit a Red Hand Signal to the Engine-driver until the train has been stopped or the speed sufficiently reduced, and then, if permission can be given for the train to proceed, he must exhibit a Green All Right Signal held steadily in the hand.
(f) Hand-signalmen must work under the instructions of the Signalman only, who must take care that they are properly instructed as to their duties, and understand what they have to do.
(g) Where practicable, the Station-master must select proper men from his own staff for the purpose; but where this cannot be done he must apply to the nearest Ganger for Platelayers competent to act as Flagmen.
(h) When the Interlocking at a Junction is out of order, the Facing Points must, except when required to be otherwise placed for the passage of trains, be so set that no train can cross the path of another train.
(i) When a Distant Signal becomes defective, so that it cannot be placed at Danger, a competent person must be stationed just outside it with Hand Signals and Detonators, and there repeat the Signals exhibited at the Home Signal. When such person is out of sight of the Home Signal, one man or more must be stationed between that and the defective Signal, for the purpose of repeating by Hand Signals to the man stationed at the Distant Signal the Signals exhibited at the Home Signal.
(j) When a tunnel intervenes, or in foggy weather or during falling snow, the man at the Distant Signal must continue to exhibit a hand Danger Signal, and keep two Detonators, ten yards apart, on one rail of the Line to which the Signal applies, until the Signal has been repaired and is again in working order.
(k) If the defective Distant Signal can be kept at Danger, it must be kept at Danger until again in working order, and a Hand-signalman need not be appointed.
(l) The Signalman at the box in the rear must, when practicable, be advised if the Distant or Home Signal cannot be placed at Danger, and he must stop all trains proceeding in the direction of the defective Signal and advise the Engine-drivers of the circumstance.
(m) When any Fixed Signal is out of order, but the Interlocking of the Point and Signal levers is in proper order, the Signalman must, to enable him to obtain the security of the Interlocking, use the lever applicable to such Signal as if the Signal were in work, and the Counter-balance weight must, when necessary, be disconnected by the Signal-fitter from the lever to admit of this being done.
74. The absence of a Signal at a place where a Signal is ordinarily shown, or a Signal imperfectly exhibited, or the exhibition of a White light at a place where a Red or Green Light ought to be seen, must be considered a Danger Signal, and treated accoringly, and the fact reported to the Signalman or Station-master.
DETONATING SIGNALS
75. (a) Engine-drivers, Guards, Signalmen, Gate-keepers, Gangers of Platelayers, and Fog-signalmen, must be provided with Detonators, which nthey must always have ready for use when on duty; and every person in charge of a Station must keep a supply of these Signals in a suitable place, known by, and easy of access at all times to, every person connected with the Station.
(b) All the persons above named will be held responsible for keeping up the proper supply of Detonators.
76. (a) Detonating Signals must be used for the purpose of attracting the attention of Engine-drivers. They must be placed as nearly as possible in the centre of the rail, and the clasps bent round the upper flange of the rail to prevent them from falling off.
(b) When an Engine explodes a Detonator in clear weather the Engine-driver must immediately reduce speed, and bring his train under such complete control as to enable him to stop at once if required, and then proceed cautiously to the place of obstruction or until he receive a further signal for his guidance.
(c) When an engine explodes a Detonator in foggy weather or during falling snow the Engine-driver must immediately reduce speed, and bring his train under complete control, so as to be prepared to obey any signal that may be exhibited. If he receive a Red or Danger Hand Signal he must at once bring his train to a stand, and then proceed cautiously to the point the Hand Signal is intended to protect, or until he receive a signal to proceed, unless he be satisfied that the Hand Signal is exhibited for the purpose of repeating a distant Signal at Danger, in which case he must, after having reduced speed, proceed cautiously to the Home Signal. If he receive a Green Hand Signal waved slowly from side to side, he must reduce the speed of his train to fifteen miles an hour over the portion of the Line protected by such Green Signal.
(d) The absence of any Signal after the explosion of a Detonator must be considered equal to the exhibition of a Danger Signal.
(e) When used to repeat Fixed Signals and call attention to the fact of their being at Danger, The Detonators must be observed in the same way that such Fixed Signals would be observed if clearly seen to be at Danger.
77. (a) Detonators must be carefully handled, as they are liable to explode if roughly treated.
(b) They must be kept in dry places; must not be left in contact with brick walls, damp wood, or chloride of lime or other disinfectant; and must not be exposed to the action of steam or other vapour.
(c) Unless instructions are issued to the contrary, every man's stock of Detonators must be tested at intervals of not more than two months, to ensure that they are in good condition.
(d) They must not be kept after they are three years old, or when bearing signs of rust on the outside of the case, but must be withdrawn from the stock and returned to the Stores Department.
(e) Detonators must be issued in the order in which they are received from the Stores Department; those which have been the longest on hand being always used first to avoid an accumulation of old stock.
(f) Should any Detonator fail to explode when a train passes over it the circumstances must be promptly reported to the Superintendent, and the defective Detonator forwarded to him for examination.
SIGNALLING IN FOGGY WEATHER OR DURING FALLING SNOW
78. (a) In foggy weather or during falling snow it is the duty of a Station-master or other appointed person to take care that Fog-signalmen are employed at all the places where their services are required; and, where Platelayers are employed for the purpose, to arrange beforehand with the Inspector of Permanent-way the Platelayers who are to act as Fog-signalmen at the various posts. The Foreman, Ganger, or Leading Man must not be assigned at fixed Post, but must be left free to examine his road as directed by Rule 260. He may, however, when no other competent man is available, be employed to call the Fog-signalmen, to visit them at their Posts, and distribute Detonators and refreshments in accordance with Rules 83 and 84.
(b) A list of the names and addresses of the Fog-signalmen, showing the Post to which each man is appointed, must be kept exhibited in a conspicuous position in the Station-master's Office and Signal-box.
79. When a fog or snowstorm occurs during the day, between 6 a.m. and 8 p.m., the men appointed to act as Fog-signalmen must at once report themselves to the Station-master, and take his instructions; those who have to do duty at Junctions or intermediate Signal-boxes away from a Station, must report themselves to the Signalmen on duty at the respective Boxes.
80. (a) When it is necessary to employ Fog-signalmen during the night, between 8 p.m. and 6 a.m., the Station-master must arrange to have the men called, and sent to their respective Posts. If the Fog-signalmen become aware, from their own observation, or from information given to them, that their services are required during the night, or at any other time when off duty, they must at once report themselves to the Station-master, or to the Signalmen at any Junction or intermediate Signal-box away from a Station, without waiting to be called; but this will not relieve the Station-master or Signalman from the responsibility of sending for the Fog-signalmen when necessary. If the Fog-signalman, on his way to the Signal-box to report himself for fog-signalling duty, has to pass the Signal to which he is appointed, he must, when practicable, if that signal is at Danger, place two Detonators, tyen yards apart, on one rail of the Line which he is fog-signalling, and then proceed to the Signal-box, getting back to his post as promptly as possible.
(b) When the fog has sufficiently cleared, or the snowstorm has ceased, each Fog-signalman must place two Detonators, ten yards apart, on one rail of the Line for which he is fog-signalling, and then go to the Signalman at the Box in connection with which he is employed, and take his instructions as to whether his services are any longer required for fog-signalling duties.
Note:- On some Lines only one Detonator is exploded to carry out Rules 80, 81, 82, and 85, and Engine-drivers must act in the same way as when two Detonators are exploded.
81. Each Fog-signalman must, before proceeding to his Post, be supplied with 36 Detonators, or more if necessary, a hand Signal Lamp, trimmed and lighted, and a Red and a Green Flag. If Fog-signalling for a Distant Signal, he must place himself outside the Signal in connection with which he works, and as far from it as is consistent with his keeping it well in sight. Whenever a train has passed him in the direction of the Signal-box from which the Signal is worked, and so long as the Signal exhibits the Danger Signal, he must place and keep two Detonators fixed, ten yards apart, on one rail of the Line for which the Signal is at Danger, and, unless instructions are issued to the contrary, exhibit a Red Hand Signal to the Engine-driver and Guard of an approaching train. When the Signal is lowered or taken off, he must remove the Detonators from the rail, and exhibit to the Engine-driver and Guard a Green Hand Signal, which must be held steadily in the hand. If he become aware of any obstruction on the Line in the immediate neighbourhood of the Signal for which he is signalling, either from a train not having gone forward, or from any other cause, he must leave the Detonators on the rail and go back along the Line, showing a Red Light with his Hand Lamp, a sufficient distance to protect such obstruction, and must there place on one rail of the Line for which he is Fog-signalling three Detonators, ten yards apart, and return to within sight of the Distant Signal. When he is satisfied that the obstruction has been removed, he must take up the more distant Detonators, and return to his post.
(b) The absence of any Signal after the explosion of a Detonator must be considered equal to the exhibition of a Danger Signal.
(c) The Fog-signalman must see that the Distant Signal which has been taken off for a train to pass is placed at Danger after the passing of such train. If, after a reasonable time elapsed, the Signal is not placed at Danger, the Fog-signalman must go back to protect the train as above directed. The next following train must be stopped, and the Engine-driver instructed to proceed cautiously, and inform the Signalman at the Box in advance of the circumstances. The same precautions must be taken in the event of a Distant Signal light going out, and the Fog-signalman not being able to re-light it.
(d) When there is a Distant Signal Arm on a Home, Starting, or Advanced Starting Signal Post, it will not be necessary to put down more than two Detonators, although both Signals are at Danger, but the Fog-signalman must not take up the Detonators unless both Signals are lowered. Should the Home, Starting, or Advanced Starting Signal be Lowered and the Distant Signal remain at Danger, the Fog-signalman must continue to exhibit his Red Hand Signal, and if the fog is so dense that the engine-driver cannot see the Distant Signal the Fog-signalman must verbally caution him by using the words "Home Signal off-Distant on," or "Starting (or Advanced Starting) Signal off-Distant on," as the case may be.
(e) When a Fog-signalman is employed in connection with Home, Starting, or Advanced Starting Signals, he must place two Detonators, ten yards apart, on one rail of the Line for which the Signal is at Danger, exhibit a Red Hand Signal to the Engine-driver of an approaching train, and carry out any instructions he may receive from the Signalman on duty.
(f) The Fog-signalman must see that the Home, Starting, or Advanced Starting Signal which has been taken off for a train to pass is placed at Danger after the passing of such train; if, however, the Signal is not placed at Danger, the Fog-signalman must, in addition to putting down two Detonators, at once communicate with the Signalman.
(g) After having fixed the Detonators on the rail, the Fog-signalman must place himself between the Detonators and the Fixed Signal or obstruction for which he is signalling, and so exhibit he Hand Signals that they may be seen by the Driver after the engine has exploded the Detonators.
(h) Fog-signalmen must stand in the best position (having regard to their own safety) for effectively giving the hand Signals to the Engine-driver and Guard.
(i) When the Fixed Signal for which he is Fog-signalling cannot be seen by the Fog-signalman, he must, unless he can satisfy himself to the contrary, assume that it is at danger.
(j) In cases of accident, failure, or obstruction, Guards and Engine-drivers must act strictly in accordance with the prescribed Regulations, and must not depend upon Fog-signalmen for the protection of their trains.
Note:- On some Lines only one Detonator is exploded to carry out Rules 80, 81, 82, and 85, and Engine-drivers must act in the same way as when two Detonators are exploded.
82. (a) A sufficient supply of Detonators, Hand Lamps, and Flags for the use of the Fog-signalmen, must be kept at the Stations and in the Signal-boxes in connection with which the men are employed. If the number of Detonators first supplied to the men is likely to become soon exhausted, they must communicate with the nearest Station or Signal-box, and obtain a further supply.
(b) Should the fog-signalman have to leave his post for this purpose, he must leave two Detonators on the rail.
Note:- On some Lines only one Detonator is exploded to carry out Rules 80, 81, 82, and 85, and Engine-drivers must act in the same way as when two Detonators are exploded.
83.(a) Station-masters (when the Traffic Staff is employed) or Inspectors of Permanent-way or Gangers (when Platelayers are employed) must arrange for Relief-men should the fog or snowstorm continue.
(b) Arrangements must be made by the Station-masters for furnishing the Fog-signalmen with needful refreshments. No intoxicating liquor must be supplied to Fog-signalmen when on duty.
84. The Station-master or person in charge must satisfy himself that the Fog-signalmen have duly proceeded to their respective Posts, when it is necessary for them to do so; and where the Fog-signalmen are numerous, a competent man must be appointed to visit them at their Posts, and see that they are properly performing their duties, and are supplied with the necessary Signals, furnishing them with a further supply of Detonators if required.
85. At all Signal-boxes (whether intermediate or otherwise) where no Fog-signalmen are appointed, or where such men are appointed bu have not arrived, the Signalman, when he requires to stop an approaching train, in addition ti keeping his Signals at Danger, must, when practicable, place two Detonators on the Line to which the Signals apply, sufficiently apart to give two distinct and separate reports.
For Great Western practice see Rule 4 of Block Telegraph Relgulations for Double Lines in Appendix to Rule Book.
Note:- On some Lines only one Detonator is exploded to carry out Rules 80, 81, 82, and 85, and Engine-drivers must act in the same way as when two Detonators are exploded.
86. During the prevalence of severe frost or falls of snow the Signals and Points must be frequently worked by the Signalmen when the Sections are clear, and no train has been signalled, in order to prevent the frost or snow impeding their free working. Fog-signalmen also must see that nothing interferes with the true working of the Arms or Discs and lamps of the Signals for which they are fog-signalling; that the Lamp glasses and spectacles are kept clear from snow; and that the wires work freely over the pulleys. The Fog-signalmen must at once report to the Signalman any defect in the Signals or impediment to their proper working. If no Fog-signalman is employed, the Ganger of the Permanent-way must provide for this duty being performed while the snow or frost, or its effect, continues.
FIXING, REMOVING, OR REPAIRING SIGNALS OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING POINTS OR SIGNALS.
70. Before the erection or removal of Signals, or the prosecution of other work in connection with Points or Signals which may interfere with the safe working of the Line, the Foreman Signal-fitter who has charge of the work must, unless the work has been previously arranged for between the Signalling and the Traffic Departments, and the necessary notice issued by the General Manager or the Superintendent of the Line, communicate with the District Superintendent, Traffic Inspector, or Station-master, as the case may be, who will make any special arrangements that may be necessary in connection with the working of the traffic during the time such alterations or repairs are being effected. Where there is no Station-master or Signalman, and no special arrangements have been made with the Traffic Department, Signal-fitters must provide for the safety of the Line in accordance with Rule 250.
71. (a) When the work involves the disarrangement of the Interlocking apparatus, or the disconnection of Signals, Points, Facing Point Bars or Locks, Fouling Bars, Detectors, Bridge Bolts, Turntable Bolts, or Level Crossing Gates, the Signal-fitter must, before the work is commenced, give to the Signalman an exact description of the nature of the work, and the Signalman must enter in the Train Register Book provided for the purpose the words "Locking disarranged," with the numbers of the levers which will be interfered with; both he and the Signal-fitter must sign their names, and the time must be recorded.
(b) When the work involves the disarrangement of the Interlocking, or when it is necessary to disconnect a Facing Point, Facing Point Bar or Lock, Bridge Bolt, or Turntable Bolt, the Signal-fitter must, before the work is commenced, disconnect and fix at Danger the Distant Signals applicable to the Lines affected.
(c) A Hand-signalman to work under the instructions of the Signalman must be provided, and act in accordance with Rule 73.
(d) Before interfering with the Locking connections, the Signal-fitter must satisfy himself that the Hand-signalman is at his post.
(e) During the time the Points are disconnected the Signalman must, on each occasion when he requires to pass a train over the Points, communicate with the Hand-signalman, and receive his assurance that all Points concerned are in their proper position and secured.
(f) In cases where, owing to a number of Points being disconnected from the Signal-box, it may be necessary to place a man at each pair of points, or to attend to a number of Points, these men must receive their instructions from the Signalman as to the duties they have to perform. When a train is required to be sent over Points which are being attended to by the men assisting the Hand-signalman, the Hand-signalman must so inform such men, and take care that they properly secure the Points for the Line on which the train is to pass, and the Points must not again be altered in position until the Hand-signalman has advised them that the operation is completed. When this has been done, the men will be at liberty to move the Points as may be required to suit the convenience of the Signal-fitters working at them, it being understood that no train will be sent over them, without previous intimation being given in each case by the Hand-signalman.
(g) When carrying out repairs to Level Crossing Gates involving the disconnection of the Interlocking, the Signal-fitter must disconnect and fix at Danger the Distant Signals, and a Hand-signalman must be provided to attend to the working of the Gates and the protection of the Crossing.
(h) When the work is completed, the Signalman, after receiving an assurance from the Signal-fitter that all is right, must test the Locking, and, if found to be all right, then enter in the Train Register or Book provided for the purpose the words "Locking restored," and both he and the Signal-fitter must sign their names under the words a note of the time being also inserted.
(i) When any Fixed Signal is out of order or is disconnected for repair or otherwise, or when any Points are disconnected and the Interlocking of the Point and Signal levers is all right, the Signalman must, to enable him to obtain the security of the Interlocking, use the lever applicable to such Signal or Points, as if the Signal or Points were in work, and the Signal and Counter-balance weight must, when necessary be disconnected by the Signal-fitter from the lever to admit of this being done.
(j) When the Interlocking of any Signal or point is being repaired, altered or cleaned by the Signal-fitter, the Signal-fitter must not (except for testing purposes, and then only with the permission of the Signalman) move any lever but must ask the Signalman to move it for him; nor must the Signalman move any lever connected with any Point or Signal at which the Signal-fitter is at work without first obtaining his permission.
72. (a) No new Signal must be brought into use, nor any alteration made in the position or use of any existing Signal, without the authority of the General Manager or the Superintendent of the Line.
(b) Semaphore Signals not in use are distinguished by two pieces of wood nailed over each other in the form of a cross (see below):-
